Christopher Riely: New urgency to protect R.I. woodlands

From ecoRI News (ecori.org)

Those of us who care about and manage the region’s woodlands have often heard the statistic that Rhode Island is still heavily forested, with about 55 percent of the state still in woodland cover. Add to this the canopy that presents itself in Google Earth from 50,000 feet above our suburban and urban areas, and one would think that there’s plenty of woods to provide wildlife habitat, protect water quality, yield forest products such as firewood and lumber, filter the air and produce oxygen, and support outdoor recreation and tourism.

Despite that image, the ability of our woodlands to sustain our landscape and provide all those benefits is threatened by their continued loss and by fragmentation of the canopy. The rate at which the construction of roads, subdivisions and other human development continue to break up large, contiguous blocks of forest into an increasing number of smaller pieces is alarming. Fragmentation divides up the resource, and these islands of woodland provide limited benefits.

If you’re from an urban area, the woodlands beyond I-295 may seem endless, as they must have seemed to the colonists who arrived here in the 1600s. Yet, by 1800, much of our woodlands were gone, cleared for farms, cut for masts, lumber for houses and used as firewood. They’ve grown back, but now they’re being permanently lost to development, where the forest will not grow back.

We all see development happening, a cut here and a cut there. Death by a thousand cuts as the old saying goes. Commercial development in wooded areas, a proposed power plant in the middle of large conservation areas, and the latest threat: poorly sited renewable-energy projects that clear large swaths of woodlands.

As climate-change impacts progress, and sea levels rise, the retention of large, intact forested landscapes becomes increasingly important. The Executive Climate Change Coordinating Council has acknowledged this, noting the “critical role” of forest retention as a “key mitigation strategy” in its 2016 Rhode Island Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan.

As the threats continue to mount, what can we do to protect this forested landscape? First, we must recognize its value and prioritize actions to prevent additional loss. Many decision-makers and Rhode Islanders agree that our woodlands are beneficial, and are good things to have around. But a lack of awareness as to the limits of this resource is a prescription for disaster.

The Rhode Island Woodland Partnership is a coalition of educators, scientists, policymakers, preservationists and business leaders. This partnership believes that preventing the loss and fragmentation of Rhode Island’s woodland is critical to protecting all of our other natural resources, such as clean drinking water, and the social and economic values they provide.

We encourage and promote the protection of the remaining forest cover in Rhode Island through the application of policies that discourage further forest fragmentation and encourage development patterns that conserve the landscape values of larger, unbroken tracts of land.

We implore community leaders at all levels to take actions to protect our remaining woodlands from loss and fragmentation caused by poorly planned and poorly sited development. Each of us should take a leadership role to make sure that no state or local policy results in and/or encourages the loss of woodland. state guide plans and town comprehensive plans have been developed and must be followed by state law.

There are actions that each of us can do to improve the health of our environment and protect our forests.

First and foremost, plant a tree. When an entire community takes on the responsibility to add to the existing canopy, forest health improves and the forest spreads.

We encourage the use and promotion of smart growth, which utilizes land-use techniques such as the transfer of development rights, conservation development, village zoning and low-impact development to accommodate economic growth while preserving forestland.

We support forestland conservation by encouraging state officials to include bond initiatives that are needed to assist local conservation efforts and meet state match requirements for federal programs to buy the development rights to forestland.

We support the Farm, Forest & Open Space Act, which applies current-use values as a tool to conserve forestland and prevent its conversion to more intensive land uses.

In every election cycle since 2004 nearly 65 percent of Rhode Island voters approved open space, recreational and agricultural bond referendums. This is a statistic that state officials should take to heart. Rhode Islanders love their special places, and protecting them is a fundamental responsibility that we all share.

Christopher Riely is the coordinator of the Rhode Island Woodland Partnership and the state coordinator of the Rhode Island chapter of the Forest Stewards Guild.

Frank Carini: The fragmentation of forests

Via ecoRI News (ecori.org)

Despite being the second-most urbanized state, Rhode Island remains more than 50 percent forested. That fact is further obscured by the state’s 400 miles of renowned coastline.

“It’s called the Ocean State for a reason, but our forests play an important role,” said Christopher Riely, coordinator of the all-volunteer Rhode Island Woodland Partnership. “It’s amazing how quickly it drops off to a terrific forested landscape that supports a wide variety of wildlife. Much of this forestland is privately owned, as families are the ones pulling together the tapestry.”

Before European settlement, Rhode Island’s landscape looked vastly different, as about 95 percent of the state was forested, according to a history posted on the Rhode Island Woodland Partnership Web site. For Native Americans, this landscape provided sources of food — the American chestnut tree, for instance, which has since been stricken from its dominant overstory presence because of introduced disease — and materials for living.

When settlers arrived, Rhode Island’s forests were quickly converted to agricultural land, leaving only 31 percent of the state forested by 1767. Since the 1940s, Rhode Island has lost more than 80 percent of its farmland to development.

Insects, disease and weather also have influenced forest successional patterns, “but the biggest threat to our forests is now development and urban sprawl because they restrict new growth and regeneration,” according to the Rhode Island Woodland Partnership.

Forest fragmentation is the biggest issue facing Rhode Island’s forests, according to Riely, forest supervisor for Providence Water. “To keep forests forested we need to stop fragmentation,” he said.

Riely said the Rhode Island Woodland Partnership began in April 2013 as an informal gathering of foresters, conservationists, arborists, loggers and artisan woodworkers. People, he said, who cared about forest health but were largely working independently.

Some four years later, this now-formal partnership is working to increase the scale and pace of forestry in Rhode Island. It’s also an active participant in the New England Regional Conservation Partnership Network.

The Rhode Island Woodland Partnership recently finished a yearlong crafting of its first strategic plan — a 31-page effort made possible by a $9,500 grant from the Rhode Island Foundation.

Riely said awareness of Rhode Island’s rural and urban woodlands and their many contributions is often overshadowed by higher-profile natural-resource concerns. He noted, for example, that the forest around the Scituate Reservoir protects the drinking-water supply of some 60 percent of the state. He said that Rhode Island’s woodlands help filter runoff that eventually enters Narragansett Bay.

The partnership and its website, he said, has created a networking space for Rhode Island’s conservation community to stay abreast of issues impacting the region’s forests. The group’s working mission is to “advance the stewardship and long-term protection of Rhode Island’s woodlands to benefit the local economy, ecological values, and community enjoyment and health.”

To increase the impact of forest-conservation efforts, the partnership has identified three goals: increased support for working forest viability and health benefits; a higher level of management activities that enhance the forest; and renewed commitment to “keeping forests as forests.”

Although a number of member organizations, such as Rhode Island Land Trust Council and the local chapter of the Society of American Foresters, collaborate on land-protection projects, the Rhode Island Woodland Partnership decided it would be most viable to concentrate its activities in three focus areas: education; stewardship; and policy and economics.

Moving forward, a critical part of the partnership’s work will be geared toward leveraging new funding sources and hiring a paid, part-time coordinator who can help increase the organization’s capacity.

Editor’s note: Anyone interested in joining the Rhode Island Woodland Partnership, is encouraged to e-mail Christopher Riely at christopher.riely@gmail.com.

Frank Carini is editor of ecoRI News.